Outcomes of the United States and Ukraine Expert Groups On the Black Sea

March 25, 2025

Action Summary

  • Expert Group Meetings: Outcomes emerged from technical-level talks between the United States and Ukrainian delegation in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (March 23–25, 2025), following high-level discussions between President Trump and President Zelenskyy.
  • Maritime Safety & Security: Agreement to ensure safe navigation in the Black Sea, eliminate the use of force, and prevent the militarization of commercial vessels.
  • Humanitarian Initiatives: Commitment to facilitate the exchange of prisoners of war, the release of civilian detainees, and the return of forcibly transferred Ukrainian children.
  • Energy Facility Protection: Plans to develop and implement measures to ban strikes on energy facilities in both Russia and Ukraine, as agreed by both parties.
  • Third-Party Facilitation: Support for the involvement of third countries to assist in the execution of the energy and maritime agreements.
  • Peace Efforts: Continued U.S. facilitation of negotiations aimed at achieving a durable, lasting peace, with an emphasis on ending violence on both sides of the conflict.
  • Diplomatic Acknowledgment: Expression of gratitude to Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman for his leadership and hospitality in hosting the discussions.

Risks & Considerations

  • The agreement to ensure safe navigation and prevent the use of commercial vessels for military purposes in the Black Sea could impact global trade routes and maritime security. This may influence Vanderbilt’s research and educational programs related to international trade, maritime law, and security studies.
  • The commitment to the exchange of prisoners of war and the return of forcibly transferred Ukrainian children highlights ongoing humanitarian concerns. Vanderbilt’s programs in international relations and human rights may need to address these issues in their curricula and research initiatives.
  • The development of measures to ban strikes against energy facilities in Russia and Ukraine could affect global energy markets. This may have implications for Vanderbilt’s research in energy policy and international economics.
  • The emphasis on achieving a durable and lasting peace in the region may present opportunities for Vanderbilt to engage in peace studies and conflict resolution research, potentially leading to collaborations with international organizations and governments.

Impacted Programs

  • Vanderbilt’s School of Engineering may find opportunities to contribute to research on maritime security technologies and safe navigation systems.
  • The Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment could explore the implications of energy facility protection agreements on global energy policies and sustainability efforts.
  • Vanderbilt’s Law School might expand its focus on international law and human rights, particularly in relation to the exchange of prisoners and the protection of civilians in conflict zones.
  • The Department of Political Science could enhance its curriculum to include case studies on conflict resolution and peace negotiations, drawing from the ongoing U.S.-Ukraine discussions.

Financial Impact

  • Changes in global trade routes and energy markets could influence funding opportunities for research in international trade and energy policy at Vanderbilt.
  • Vanderbilt may seek grants and partnerships with governmental and non-governmental organizations focused on peacebuilding and humanitarian efforts in conflict regions.
  • There may be increased demand for expertise in international relations and security studies, potentially leading to new academic programs and research initiatives at Vanderbilt.

Relevance Score: 3 (The agreements present moderate risks and opportunities for Vanderbilt, particularly in research and educational programs related to international relations, security, and energy policy.)

Key Actions

  • Vanderbilt’s International Relations Department should monitor developments in U.S.-Ukraine relations, particularly regarding the agreements on safe navigation and energy facility protection. Understanding these geopolitical dynamics can inform research and educational programs related to international security and diplomacy.
  • The Office of Global Safety and Security should assess the implications of the U.S.-Ukraine agreements on international travel and study abroad programs, ensuring that Vanderbilt’s policies align with the latest safety protocols and geopolitical considerations.
  • Vanderbilt’s Law School could explore opportunities to engage in legal research and advocacy related to the exchange of prisoners of war and the return of forcibly transferred children, contributing to international human rights discourse and policy development.

Opportunities

  • The agreements present an opportunity for Vanderbilt’s Center for International Studies to host conferences or workshops on conflict resolution and peacebuilding, leveraging the university’s expertise to contribute to global discussions on achieving lasting peace in conflict zones.
  • Vanderbilt can collaborate with international partners to develop educational programs focused on maritime law and energy security, areas highlighted by the U.S.-Ukraine agreements, enhancing the university’s academic offerings and global engagement.

Relevance Score: 3 (Some adjustments are needed to processes or procedures to align with international developments and opportunities for research and collaboration.)

Average Relevance Score: 2

Timeline for Implementation

N/A – The summary does not specify any explicit deadlines or timelines for the implementation of the directives.

Relevance Score: 1

Impacted Government Organizations

  • White House: The executive branch is at the forefront of these bilateral discussions, issuing statements and coordinating strategic talks regarding Black Sea safety and related conflict resolutions.
  • Ukrainian Government: Represented by the Ukrainian delegation, it plays a central role in negotiating agreements on safe navigation, the exchange of prisoners, and measures to prevent military misuse of commercial vessels.
  • Saudi Arabian Government: By hosting the talks in Riyadh and through the facilitative efforts of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Arabia supports the diplomatic framework and enablement of these negotiations.

Relevance Score: 2 (A moderate number of agencies across three government entities are directly engaged in the agreement outcomes.)

Responsible Officials

  • N/A – There are no specific officials or agencies named in the text responsible for implementing these directives; the outcomes are presented as mutual agreements without designated implementers.

Relevance Score: 1 (The text does not specify directives impacting any particular level of leadership.)