Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Declares a National Emergency at the Southern Border

January 22, 2025

Action Summary

  • Emergency Declaration: President Trump invokes the National Emergencies Act on January 22, 2025, declaring a national emergency at the Southern Border due to a longstanding and escalating immigration crisis.
  • Border Security Measures: Directs the Secretary of Defense to deploy additional military personnel and the National Guard; mandates the completion of the border wall and authorizes DHS to conduct air missions near the border.
  • Context and Crisis Details: Highlights four years of record illegal immigration with 8.72 million encounters, significant trafficking of unaccompanied children (approximately 550,000), and a severe drug influx (including fentanyl) resulting in around 75,000 American deaths in 2023.
  • Operational Control and Strategy: Aims to regain federal control of the border, combat criminal cartels, and protect communities from the adverse effects of illegal crossings and associated criminal activities.
  • Historical Precedents and Promises: Builds on previous national emergency declarations (2019 and 2020) and fulfills a 2024 promise to use military force and other resources to secure the border and safeguard American interests.

Risks & Considerations

  • The declaration of a national emergency at the southern border and the deployment of military personnel could lead to increased scrutiny and debate over immigration policies. This may impact Vanderbilt University’s international student population and its ability to recruit and retain students from abroad.
  • The focus on border security and immigration control could result in heightened tensions and potential protests, which may affect campus safety and require additional resources for security measures.
  • The emphasis on combating drug trafficking and gang violence may lead to increased federal funding and research opportunities in areas related to public safety, law enforcement, and drug policy. Vanderbilt could leverage its expertise in these areas to secure grants and partnerships.
  • There is a risk that the political climate surrounding immigration could affect the university’s community engagement and outreach programs, particularly those involving immigrant populations and advocacy groups.

Impacted Programs

  • Vanderbilt Law School may see increased demand for expertise in immigration law and policy, providing opportunities for research and advocacy in this area.
  • The Department of Political Science could experience heightened interest in courses and research related to immigration policy, national security, and international relations.
  • Vanderbilt’s Center for Latin American Studies might play a crucial role in analyzing the impacts of U.S. immigration policies on Latin American countries and communities.
  • The Office of International Student and Scholar Services may need to adjust its support services to address the concerns and needs of international students affected by changes in immigration policy.

Financial Impact

  • The potential reallocation of federal funds towards border security initiatives could impact funding opportunities for research and programs related to immigration and public policy.
  • Vanderbilt University might need to invest in additional resources for campus security and community engagement to address potential impacts of the national emergency declaration.
  • There may be opportunities for Vanderbilt to secure funding for research and development in areas related to national security, public safety, and drug policy, particularly through collaborations with federal agencies.
  • Changes in immigration policy could affect the demographics of students applying to Vanderbilt, potentially impacting tuition revenue and financial aid distribution.

Relevance Score: 4 (The order presents a need for potential major changes or transformations of programs.)

Key Actions

  • Vanderbilt’s Law School should analyze the legal implications of the national emergency declaration and its impact on immigration law and policy. This analysis can provide insights into potential changes in immigration enforcement and legal challenges that may arise, which could affect international students and faculty.
  • The Office of Federal Relations should monitor developments related to the deployment of military personnel at the southern border. Understanding the federal government’s approach to border security can help Vanderbilt anticipate changes in federal funding priorities and potential impacts on research grants related to national security and defense.
  • Vanderbilt’s Public Policy Studies Program should conduct research on the socio-economic impacts of increased border security measures. This research can inform policy discussions and contribute to a broader understanding of how these measures affect communities, public safety, and resource allocation.
  • The Center for Latin American Studies should engage in dialogue with policymakers and community organizations to address the humanitarian aspects of the border crisis. By providing expertise and facilitating discussions, the center can help shape policies that consider the human rights and welfare of affected populations.
  • Vanderbilt’s Medical Center should prepare for potential public health challenges related to the border crisis, such as the spread of infectious diseases or the need for medical care for migrants. Collaborating with public health agencies and NGOs can enhance Vanderbilt’s capacity to respond to these challenges.

Opportunities

  • The executive order presents an opportunity for Vanderbilt’s Peabody College to expand research on the educational needs of immigrant children. By developing programs and partnerships focused on supporting these students, Peabody can contribute to improving educational outcomes and integration efforts.
  • Vanderbilt can leverage its expertise in international relations to engage in policy analysis and advocacy related to U.S.-Mexico relations. By providing evidence-based recommendations, Vanderbilt can influence bilateral discussions and promote cooperative solutions to border security and immigration challenges.
  • The focus on combating drug trafficking offers an opportunity for Vanderbilt’s Center for Addiction Research to collaborate with federal agencies on initiatives aimed at reducing drug-related harm. By participating in research and intervention programs, the center can contribute to national efforts to address the opioid crisis.
  • By hosting conferences and workshops on border security and immigration policy, Vanderbilt can position itself as a leader in the national conversation on these critical issues. Engaging with scholars, policymakers, and community leaders can enhance Vanderbilt’s reputation and influence in shaping policy solutions.
  • The emphasis on national security provides an opportunity for Vanderbilt’s Engineering School to develop technologies and solutions that enhance border security. By collaborating with government agencies and industry partners, the school can contribute to innovative approaches to securing the nation’s borders.

Relevance Score: 4 (The order necessitates major process changes due to its impact on immigration policy, national security, and public health, which are relevant to multiple areas of Vanderbilt’s operations and research.)

Average Relevance Score: 3

Timeline for Implementation

N/A – The directive does not include specific deadlines or a timeline for the actions to be implemented.

Relevance Score: 1

Impacted Government Organizations

  • Department of Defense (DoD): Directed to deploy additional personnel—including members of the Armed Forces and the National Guard—to secure the southern border.
  • Department of Homeland Security (DHS): Tasked with completing the wall along the southern border and given enhanced flexibility to conduct air operations near the border.

Relevance Score: 1 (Only two major federal agencies are directly impacted by this executive order.)

Responsible Officials

  • Secretary of Defense – Directed to deploy additional personnel, including Armed Forces and National Guard units, to the southern border and tasked with finishing construction of the wall along the border.
  • Secretary of Homeland Security – Directed to complete the wall along the southern border and ensure DHS operational flexibility for air missions near the border.

Relevance Score: 5 (Directives affect Cabinet-level officials responsible for national security and border enforcement.)